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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>GLYPHOSATE (PDS 91)</TITLE>
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<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D7 width=3D615 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"59%">
      <P><B>WORLD&nbsp;HEALTH&nbsp;ORGANIZATION</B></P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"41%">
      <P align=3Dright>WHO/PCS/DS/96.91</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"59%"><B>
      <P>ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE</B></P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"41%">
      <P align=3Dright>Original: ENGLISH</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"59%"><B>
      <P>FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED =
NATIONS</B></P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"41%">
      <P align=3Dright>Distr.: LIMITED</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"59%"><B>
      <P>ORGANISATION DES NATIO NS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET=20
      L'AGRICULTURE</B></P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"41%">
      <P align=3Dright>Date of issue: July =
1996</P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><B>
<P align=3Dcenter>WHO/FAO DATA SHEETS ON PESTICIDES</P>
<P align=3Dcenter>No. 91</P></B><FONT color=3D#ff0000>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>GLYPHOSATE=20
<P></P>
<TABLE width=3D400 align=3Dcenter border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.0">1.0=20
      GENERAL INFORMATION</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.1">1.1=20
      Common Name:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.1.1">1.1.1=
=20
      Identity name:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.2">1.2=20
      Synopsis:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.3">1.3=20
      Selected Properties</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.3.1">1.3.1=
=20
      Physical characteristics:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.3.2">1.3.2=
=20
      Solubility:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.3.3">1.3.3=
=20
      Stability:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.3.4">1.3.4=
=20
      Vapour pressure:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.4">1.4=20
      Agriculture, Horticulture And Forestry</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.4.1">1.4.1=
=20
      Common formulations:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.4.2">1.4.2=
=20
      Pests controlled:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.4.3">1.4.3=
=20
      Use pattern:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.4.4">1.4.4=
=20
      Unintended effects:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.5">1.5=20
      Public Health Use</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#1.6">1.6=20
      Household Use</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.0">2.0=20
      TOXICOLOGY AND RISKS</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1">2.1=20
      Toxicology - Mammals</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.1">2.1.1=
=20
      Absorption route:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.2">2.1.2=
=20
      Mode of action:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.3">2.1.3=
=20
      Excretion products:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.4">2.1.4=
=20
      Toxicity, single dose:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.5">2.1.5=
=20
      Toxicity, repeated dose:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.6">2.1.6=
=20
      Dietary studies:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.7">2.1.7=
=20
      Supplementary studies of toxicity:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.8">2.1.8=
=20
      Teratogenicity:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.9">2.1.9=
=20
      Mutagenicity:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.1.10">2.1.=
10=20
      Reproduction:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2">2.2=20
      Toxicology - Man</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2.1">2.2.1=
=20
      Absorption route:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2.2">2.2.2=
=20
      Dangerous doses:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2.3">2.2.3=
=20
      Observations on occupationally exposed workers:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2.4">2.2.4=
=20
      Observations on exposure of the general public:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2.5">2.2.5=
=20
      Observations in volunteers:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.2.6">2.2.6=
=20
      Reported mishaps:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.3">2.3=20
      Toxicity To Non-Mammalian Species</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.3.1">2.3.1=
=20
      Fish:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.3.2">2.3.2=
=20
      Birds:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#2.3.3">2.3.3=
=20
      Other species:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.0">3.0=20
      FOR REGULATORY AUTHORITIES - <BR>RECOMMENDATIONS ON REGULATION OF=20
      COMPOUND</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.1">3.1=20
      Recommended Restrictions On Availability</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.2">3.2=20
      Transportation And Storage</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.3">3.3=20
      Handling</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.4">3.4=20
      Disposal And/Or Decontamination Of Containers</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.5">3.5=20
      Selection, Training And Medical Supervision Of =
Workers</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.6">3.6=20
      Additional Regulations Recommended If Distributed By =
Aircraft</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.7">3.7=20
      Labelling</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#3.8">3.8=20
      Residues In Food</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.0">4.0=20
      PREVENTION OF POISONING IN <BR>MAN AND EMERGENCY AID</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.1">4.1=20
      Precautions In Use</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.1.1">4.1.1=
=20
      General:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.1.2">4.1.2=
=20
      Manufacture and formulation - TLV:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.1.3">4.1.3=
=20
      Mixers and applicators:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.1.4">4.1.4=
=20
      Other associated workers (including flagmen in aerial=20
  operations):</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.1.5">4.1.5=
=20
      Other populations likely to be affected:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.2">4.2=20
      Entry Of Persons Into Treatment Area</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.3">4.3=20
      Decontamination Of Spillage And Containers</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.4">4.4=20
      Emergency Aid</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.4.1">4.4.1=
=20
      Early symptoms of poisoning:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#4.4.2">4.4.2=
=20
      Treatment before person is seen by physician, if symptoms appear =
following=20
      exposure:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.0">5.0=20
      FOR MEDICAL AND LABORATORY PERSONNEL</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1">5.1=20
      Medical Diagnosis And Treatment In Cases Of =
Poisoning</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1.1">5.1.1=
=20
      General information:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1.2">5.1.2=
=20
      Symptoms and signs:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1.3">5.1.3=
=20
      Laboratory:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1.4">5.1.4=
=20
      Treatment:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1.5">5.1.5=
=20
      Prognosis:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.1.6">5.1.6=
=20
      References to previously reported cases:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.2">5.2=20
      Surveillance Tests</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.3">5.3=20
      Laboratory Methods</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.3.1">5.3.1=
=20
      Detection and Assay of Compound:</A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.htm#5.3.2">5.3.2=
=20
      Other Tests in Case of =
Poisoning:</A></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></H2></FONT>
<P>It must be noted that the issue of a Data Sheet for a particular =
pesticide=20
does not imply endorsement of the pesticide by WHO or FAO for any =
particular=20
use, or exclude its use for other purposes not stated. While the =
information=20
provided is believed to be accurate according to data available at the =
time when=20
the sheet was compiled, neither WHO nor FAO are responsible for any =
errors or=20
omissions, or any consequences therefrom.</P>
<P>The issue of this document does not constitute formal publication. It =
should=20
not be reviewed, abstracted or quoted without the agreement of the Food =
and=20
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or of the World Health=20
Organization.</P>
<P>Ce document ne constitue pas une publication. Il ne doit faire =
l'objet=20
d'aucun compte rendu ou r=E9sum=E9 ni d'aucune citation sans =
l'autorisation de=20
l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture ou =
de=20
l'Organisation Mondiale de la Sant=E9.</P><B><FONT size=3D4>
<P>CLASSIFICATION:</B></P></FONT>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D7 width=3D616 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%">
      <P><B>Primary use</B>:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"74%">
      <P>Herbicide</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%"><B>
      <P>Secondary use</B>:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"74%">
      <P>&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"26%"><B>
      <P>Chemical group</B>:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"74%">
      <P>Organophosphonate</P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><FONT =
color=3D#008000><A=20
name=3D1.0>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION</H2></A></FONT><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><A=20
name=3D1.1>
<H2>1.1 Common Name:</H2></A></FONT>
<P>glyphosate (ANSI, BSI, E-ISO, F-ISO, JMAF, WSSA).</P><A name=3D1.1.1>
<H3>1.1.1 Identity name:</H3></A>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D7 width=3D616 border=3D0>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>IUPAC name:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P>N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>CAS name:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P>N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>CAS registry number:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P><PRIMARYCASNO>1071-83-6</PRIMARYCASNO></P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P><SECONDARYCASNO>38641-94-0</SECONDARYCASNO> =
(mono(isopropylammonium)=20
      salt)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P><SECONDARYCASNO>70393-85-0</SECONDARYCASNO> (sesquisodium=20
  salt)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>&nbsp;</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P><SECONDARYCASNO>81591-81-3</SECONDARYCASNO> =
(trimesium)</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>RTECS number:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P>MC 1075000</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>Molecular formula:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P>C<SUB>3</SUB>H<SUB>8</SUB>NO<SUB>5</SUB>P</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>Relative molecular mass: </P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P>169.01</P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"29%">
      <P>Structural formula:</P></TD>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop width=3D"71%">
      <P><IMG alt=3D"Structural Formula"=20
      =
src=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest91_e.gif"></P></TD></T=
R></TBODY></TABLE><U>
<P>Trade names</U>: Armada; Dardo; Fuste; Kleenup<SUP>R</SUP>; =
Landmester;=20
MON-0573; Poledo<SUP>R</SUP> (sesquisodium); Quotemeter; Ranger;=20
Rodeo<SUP>R</SUP>; Roundup<SUP>R</SUP> (isopropyl ammonium); =
Spasor<SUP>R</SUP>;=20
Squadron; Sting<SUP>R</SUP>; Stirrup; Touchdown<SUP>R</SUP> (trimesium); =

Tumbleweed<SUP>R</SUP>; Wellop.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D1.2>
<H2>1.2 Synopsis:</H2></A></FONT>
<P>Glyphosate is a broad spectrum, post-emergent herbicide active by =
plant=20
translocation. Glyphosate sesquisodium is used as a plant regulator on =
sugar=20
cane. Soil residues generally have a half-life of less than 60 days. =
Glyphosate=20
is an organophosphonate of low mammalian toxicity, which does not =
inhibit=20
cholinesterase. Carrier solvents used in commercial formulations may =
change=20
toxicological properties.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D1.3>
<H2>1.3 Selected Properties</H2></A></FONT><A name=3D1.3.1>
<H3>1.3.1 Physical characteristics:</H3></A>
<P>Pure glyphosate is a colourless, odourless, crystalline solid with a =
melting=20
point of 185 =BAC and decomposes at 187 =BAC producing toxic fumes =
including=20
nitrogen oxides and phosphorus oxides. Solutions of the glyphosate salts =
are=20
corrosive to iron or galvanized steel.</P><A name=3D1.3.2>
<H3>1.3.2 Solubility:</H3></A>
<P>Pure glyphosate is slightly soluble in water (12 g/litre at 25 =BAC), =
and is=20
practically insoluble in most organic solvents. The alkali-metal and =
amine salts=20
are readily soluble in water.</P><A name=3D1.3.3>
<H3>1.3.3 Stability:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate formulations are stable for extended periods below 60 =
=BAC.</P><A=20
name=3D1.3.4>
<H3>1.3.4 Vapour pressure:</H3></A>
<P>&lt;1 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> Pa at 25 =BAC</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D1.4>
<H2>1.4 Agriculture, Horticulture And Forestry</H2></A></FONT><A =
name=3D1.4.1>
<H3>1.4.1 Common formulations:</H3></A>
<P>Available as a water based solution of the glyphosate salt.=20
Roundup<SUP>R</SUP> is the major formulation and contains 480 g mono=20
(isopropylammonium) glyphosate/litre (equivalent to 360 g =
glyphosate/litre).=20
Formulations might contain other active ingredients such as simasine, =
2.4-D, or=20
MCPA.</P><A name=3D1.4.2>
<H3>1.4.2 Pests controlled:</H3></A>
<P>As a non-selective, post-emergent herbicide, glyphosate is very =
effective=20
against deep rooted and woody perennials, annual and biennial grasses, =
sedges=20
and broad leaved weeds.</P><A name=3D1.4.3>
<H3>1.4.3 Use pattern:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate is used in both agriculture and forestry. It is also used =
for=20
control of plants above the surface in aquatic environments, parks and =
road=20
verges.</P><A name=3D1.4.4>
<H3>1.4.4 Unintended effects:</H3></A>
<P>A herbicide of low selectivity. Not toxic to bees, birds and most =
aquatic=20
organisms.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D1.5>
<H2>1.5 Public Health Use</H2></A></FONT>
<P>No recommended usage reported.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D1.6>
<H2>1.6 Household Use</H2></A></FONT>
<P>A formulation is available for household use.</P><FONT =
color=3D#008000><A=20
name=3D2.0>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>2.0 TOXICOLOGY AND RISKS</H2></A></FONT><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><A=20
name=3D2.1>
<H2>2.1 Toxicology - Mammals</H2></A></FONT><A name=3D2.1.1>
<H3>2.1.1 Absorption route:</H3></A>
<P>After oral administration in rats, rabbits, laying hens and lactating =
goats,=20
absorption of glyphosate from the gastrointestinal tract is 30-36%. =
Percutaneous=20
absorption is about 5% of the administered dose in monkeys. <I>In =
vitro</I>=20
absorption of glyphosate from excised human abdominal skin is less than =
2%. No=20
data on absorption through inhalation are available.</P><A name=3D2.1.2>
<H3>2.1.2 Mode of action:</H3></A>
<P>In plants and some micro-organisms glyphosate inhibits the shikimic =
acid=20
pathway, causing a deficit in aromatic amino acids. (Absence of this =
pathway may=20
account for its low toxicity in animals). Acute effects in animals, =
following=20
intraperitoneal administration of high doses, are suggestive of altered=20
mitochondrial activity - possibly, uncoupling of oxidative=20
phosphorylation.</P><A name=3D2.1.3>
<H3>2.1.3 Excretion products:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate is excreted largely unchanged and the urine is the major =
route of=20
excretion. Body clearance in rats is essentially complete 168 hours =
after=20
administration.</P><A name=3D2.1.4>
<H3>2.1.4 Toxicity, single dose:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate and herbicide formulation containing glyphosate have a =
very low=20
oral and dermal acute toxicity. When given intraperitoneally the =
toxicity of=20
glyphosate is markedly increased. In fact, the net oral LD<SUB>50</SUB> =
of=20
technical glyphosate is higher than 5000 mg/kg b.w. whereas that of =
formulations=20
was found, in some instances, to be 1950-2510 mg/kg b.w. The dermal=20
LD<SUB>50</SUB> for glyphosate and formulation was always found to be =
&gt;2000=20
mg/kg b.w. (possibly &gt;5000). Intraperitoneal LD<SUB>50</SUB> in mice =
and rats=20
was 134-740 mg/kg b.w. Inhalation LC<SUB>50</SUB> for =
Roundup<SUP>R</SUP> was=20
3180 mg/m<SUP>3</SUP> in rats.</P>
<P>Ataxia, breathing difficulties and occasionally convulsions, preceded =
death=20
in rats receiving lethal doses of glyphosate.</P><B><U>
<P>Primary irritation</B></U>:</P>
<P>Glyphosate was irritating to rabbit eyes and slightly irritating to =
rabbit=20
skin. The isopropylammonium salt (as Roundup<SUP>R</SUP>) was moderately =

irritating to rabbit eyes and to rabbit skin. Neither glyphosate nor its =

formulations (when tested) caused sensitization.</P><A name=3D2.1.5>
<H3>2.1.5 Toxicity, repeated dose:</H3></A><B><U>
<P>Oral</B></U>: The daily dose of 500 mg/kg b.w. given to dogs for one =
year did=20
not cause adverse effects.</P><B><U>
<P>Inhalation</B></U>: Rats were exposed to aerosols of a 1:3 dilution =
of a=20
glyphosate formulation (Roundup) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week. The highest=20
concentration corresponded to 0.12 mg/litre of the formulation. Only =
irritant=20
effects on nasal turbinates, trachea and lungs were observed.</P><B><U>
<P>Dermal</B></U>: Glyphosate technical, applied to intact or abraded =
skin of=20
rabbits at 100, 1000 or 5000 mg/kg b.w./day for five days/week for three =
weeks,=20
caused no observed signs of systemic poisoning. A slight degree of =
dermal=20
irritation was observed at the application site of high dose group =
animals=20
only.</P>
<P>In a 21-day dermal toxicity study using a formulated product =
containing=20
undiluted formulation of glyphosate isopropylamine salt, no systemic =
adverse=20
effects were observed at 76 or 114 mg/kg b.w. (5 days per week). Dermal=20
irritation was observed which recovered within 4 weeks.</P><A =
name=3D2.1.6>
<H3>2.1.6 Dietary studies:</H3></A>
<P>Several short-term dietary studies have been carried out in mice and =
rats. No=20
adverse effects were observed in a 90-day study in mice at high doses up =
to=20
50,000 mg/kg diet (equal to 9710 mg/kg per day), highest dose tested, =
and in a=20
90-day study in rats at doses up to 20,000 mg/kg diet (equal to 1267 =
mg/kg per=20
day), highest dose tested. Two studies conducted in mice and rats by NTP =
showed=20
lesion of the salivary glands whose toxicological significance is =
unknown. These=20
lesions were never found in other short- and long-term studies.</P><A=20
name=3D2.1.7>
<H3>2.1.7 Supplementary studies of toxicity:</H3></A>
<P>Long-term and carcinogenicity: Few toxic effects and no increased =
tumour=20
incidence were observed in long-term feeding studies in both mice and =
rats. In=20
mice, at 30,000 mg/kg diet, technical glyphosate caused growth =
retardation and=20
hepatocyte hypertrophy or necrosis. The NOAEL was 5000 mg/kg diet (equal =
to 814=20
mg/kg b.w. per day). Similar effects were observed in rats at 20,000 =
mg/kg diet=20
and the NOAEL was found to be 8000 mg/kg diet (equal to 410 mg/kg b.w. =
per=20
day).</P><A name=3D2.1.8>
<H3>2.1.8 Teratogenicity:</H3></A>
<P>Technical glyphosate was not found to be teratogenic in rats and =
rabbits at=20
doses which caused maternal toxicity (3500 and 350 mg/kg b.w. per day,=20
respectively).</P><A name=3D2.1.9>
<H3>2.1.9 Mutagenicity:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate was not genotoxic in a range of <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in =
vivo</I>=20
tests, except in a test for SCE in human lymphocytes at very high=20
concentrations.</P><A name=3D2.1.10>
<H3>2.1.10 Reproduction:</H3></A>
<P>Two dietary multigeneration studies were conducted in rats with =
technical=20
glyphosate. Effects on parental and pup body weight were observed at =
30,000=20
mg/kg diet (equivalent to 1500 mg/kg b.w. per day) with a NOAEL of =
10,000 mg/kg=20
diet (equivalent to 500 mg/kg b.w. per day).</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D2.2>
<H2>2.2 Toxicology - Man</H2></A></FONT><A name=3D2.2.1>
<H3>2.2.1 Absorption route:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and =
through the=20
skin. Animal data indicate about 30% absorption from the =
gastrointestinal tract.=20
<I>In vitro</I> data indicate &lt;2% absorption through the skin.</P><A=20
name=3D2.2.2>
<H3>2.2.2 Dangerous doses:</H3></A><B><U>
<P>Single</B></U>: Many cases of acute intoxication (mainly suicide =
attempts)=20
with herbicides containing glyphosate and sufactant (mainly Roundup) =
have been=20
reported. Rough estimates of the amount ingested in the lethal cases =
varied from=20
85 to 200 ml (corresponding to roughly 30 to 70 g of glyphosate acid). =
However,=20
larger amounts (up to 500 ml) were reported to have been ingested by =
patients=20
with subsequent mild or moderate symptoms. It has been suggested that =
people=20
over 40 years of age might be more sensitive to glyphosate toxicity. It =
has also=20
been suggested that the toxic effect is due to the surfactant rather =
than to=20
glyphosate in the commercial formulation; however, the evidence is as =
yet=20
inconclusive.</P><B><U>
<P>Repeated</B></U>: No information available.</P><A name=3D2.2.3>
<H3>2.2.3 Observations on occupationally exposed workers:</H3></A>
<P>Symptoms resulting from dermal exposure incidental to the use of =
Roundup=20
included periorbital oedema, and chemosis of the eye, with swelling at =
the site=20
of contact and prolonged skin irritation.</P>
<P>No compound related effects were observed in five workers exposed for =
1 week=20
to glyphosate during silvicultural clearing with brush saws equipped =
with=20
herbicide sprayers (air glyphosate concentration usually below 1.25 =
mg/litre).=20
In these workers no glyphosate could be detected in urine. A number of =
exposure=20
monitoring studies have been carried out. Maximal average exposure to =
glyphosate=20
was estimated to be 8 mg/h. In most of the cases urinary glyphosate=20
concentration was below detection limit.</P><A name=3D2.2.4>
<H3>2.2.4 Observations on exposure of the general public:</H3></A>
<P>With good agricultural practice the general public should not be =
exposed to=20
hazardous amounts of glyphosate.</P><A name=3D2.2.5>
<H3>2.2.5 Observations in volunteers:</H3></A>
<P>Two dermal irritation studies were carried out with 0.9 ml of a 9:1 =
dilution=20
of Roundup formulation in water or with 0.1 ml of the same undiluted =
formulation=20
with both intact and abraded skin, respectively. Only some subjects with =
abraded=20
skin showed erythema. A sensitization study gave negative results.</P><A =

name=3D2.2.6>
<H3>2.2.6 Reported mishaps:</H3></A>
<P>Isolated incidents of dermal exposure, suicide attempts and =
accidental=20
ingestion of dilute formulations have been reported. Where the poisoning =
could=20
be positively attributed to glyphosate, the symptoms recorded were =
stomach=20
cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting (associated with erosion of the =
gastrointestinal=20
tract), and in the case of dermal exposure, skin irritation.</P><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D2.3>
<H2>2.3 Toxicity To Non-Mammalian Species</H2></A></FONT><A =
name=3D2.3.1>
<H3>2.3.1 Fish:</H3></A>
<P>The toxicity test for fish are generally performed without sediment. =
As the=20
bioavailability of glyphosate will be reduced by tripton on to =
sediments, no=20
toxic effects are expected. Toxic effects, however, can be expected due =
to=20
surfactants in some formulations. 4-day LC<SUB>50</SUB> values range =
from 10 to=20
&gt;1000 mg/l for technical glyphosate.</P><A name=3D2.3.2>
<H3>2.3.2 Birds:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate has low toxicity to birds after acute oral =
(LD<SUB>50s</SUB> &gt;=20
3851 mg/kg b.w.) or short-term dietary (LC<SUB>50s</SUB> &gt; 4650 mg/kg =
of=20
feed) exposure.</P><A name=3D2.3.3>
<H3>2.3.3 Other species:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate has low toxicity for bees, earthworms, microorganisms.=20
Formulations are more toxic than technical glyphosate to aquatic =
invertebrates.=20
LC<SUB>50s</SUB> and EC<SUB>50s</SUB> for crustaceans are 280 to =
&gt;1000 and 5=20
to 1000 mg/litre, respectively.</P><FONT color=3D#008000><A name=3D3.0>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>3.0 FOR REGULATORY AUTHORITIES - <BR>RECOMMENDATIONS =
ON=20
REGULATION OF COMPOUND</H2></A></FONT><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D3.1>
<H2>3.1 Recommended Restrictions On Availability</H2></A></FONT>
<P>[For definition of categories see the "<A=20
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pds_intro_doc.htm">Introd=
uction to=20
data sheets</A>".]</P>
<P>No solid formulations to date: solid formulations &lt;80% would be=20
<U>Category 5</U>.</P>
<P>Liquid formulations of &gt;21% (equivalent to &gt;28% =
isopropylammonium salt)=20
- <U>Category 4</U>.</P>
<P>Other formulations: <U>Category 5</U>.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D3.2>
<H2>3.2 Transportation And Storage</H2></A></FONT><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 4</B></U>: Should be transported and stored =
in=20
clearly labelled, rigid leak-proof containers made of stainless steel, =
aluminum,=20
fibreglass, plastic or plastic lined steel. Do not mix, spray or store =
in=20
galvanized or unlined steel containers. Storage should be under lock and =
key,=20
secure from access by children and other unauthorized persons, and well =
away=20
from food or drink.</P><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 5</B></U>: Should be transported and stored =
in=20
clearly labelled, rigid leak-proof containers made of stainless steel, =
aluminum,=20
fibreglass, plastic or plastic lined steel. Do not store in galvanized =
or=20
unlined steel containers. Transportation and storage should be out of =
the reach=20
of children and away from food and drink.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D3.3>
<H2>3.3 Handling</H2></A></FONT><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 4</B></U>: Protective clothing (see =
4.1.3-4.1.4)=20
should be used by all persons handling the compound. Adequate washing =
facilities=20
should be available at all times during handling and should be close to =
the site=20
of handling. Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited during =
handling=20
and before washing after handling.</P><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 5</B></U>: No facilities other than those =
needed for=20
handling of any chemical required.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D3.4>
<H2>3.4 Disposal And/Or Decontamination Of Containers</H2></A></FONT>
<P>Empty containers may be decontaminated but should not be used for=20
transportation or storage of food or drink. Containers should be =
decontaminated=20
by washing at least three times with detergent and large amounts of =
water and by=20
scrubbing the sides. Impermeable gauntlets should be worn for these =
operations.=20
Empty containers which are not decontaminated should be burned or =
crushed and=20
buried below topsoil. Care must be taken to avoid contamination of water =

sources.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D3.5>
<H2>3.5 Selection, Training And Medical Supervision Of=20
Workers</H2></A></FONT><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 4</B></U>: A warning to workers to minimize =
contact=20
is essential.</P><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 5</B></U>: A warning to workers to minimize =
contact=20
is essential.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D3.6>
<H2>3.6 Additional Regulations Recommended If Distributed By=20
Aircraft</H2></A></FONT><B><U>
<P>All formulations</B></U>: Pilots and loaders should have special =
training in=20
application methods and in recognition of early symptoms of pesticide =
poisoning.=20
Loaders must wear overalls, rubber gloves and goggles. Flagmen should=20
additionally wear an impermeable, brimmed hat, and should be located =
well away=20
from the dropping zone.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D3.7>
<H2>3.7 Labelling</H2></A></FONT><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 4 - minimum cautionary statement</B></U>: =
Glyphosate=20
is a herbicide which may be poisonous if swallowed. Skin and eye =
irritation may=20
follow contact. Avoid all mouth and skin contact and the inhalation of =
aerosols=20
generated during mixing or application procedures. Wash splashes from =
skin and=20
eyes immediately. Wash hands and face before eating or smoking after =
handling=20
the pesticide. Change clothing immediately after work. When handling=20
concentrates wear protective gloves, goggles and clean protective =
clothing.=20
Store away from food and out of the reach of children. Dispose of empty=20
container safely. If poisoning occurs seek medical attention. Do not =
store or=20
apply this product in galvanized steel or unlined steel (except =
stainless steel)=20
containers or spray tanks.</P><B><U>
<P>Formulations in category 5 - minimum cautionary statement</B></U>: =
This=20
formulation contains glyphosate, a herbicide which may be poisonous if=20
swallowed. Avoid all mouth, skin and eye contact. May be irritant to =
eyes and=20
skin. Wash hands and face after use. Store in labelled container out of =
reach of=20
children. Dispose of empty container safely. Do not store or apply this =
product=20
in galvanized or unlined steel (except stainless steel) containers or =
spray=20
tanks.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D3.8>
<H2>3.8 Residues In Food</H2></A></FONT>
<P>Maximum residue limits (MRLs) have been proposed by FAO/WHO Joint =
Meeting on=20
Pesticide Residues. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been set to =
0-0.3=20
mg/kg b.w.</P><FONT color=3D#008000><A name=3D4.0>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>4.0 PREVENTION OF POISONING IN <BR>MAN AND EMERGENCY=20
AID</H2></A></FONT><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D4.1>
<H2>4.1 Precautions In Use</H2></A></FONT><A name=3D4.1.1>
<H3>4.1.1 General:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate is an organophosphonate of low toxicity and is without =
effect on=20
cholinesterase activity. Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract =
occurs in=20
laboratory animals and in the absence of quantitative data it must be =
assumed=20
that absorption may occur from the skin, the lungs or gastrointestinal =
tract in=20
man. Glyphosate salts are irritant to the skin and eyes.</P><A =
name=3D4.1.2>
<H3>4.1.2 Manufacture and formulation - TLV:</H3></A>
<P>No published information available. Adequate ventilation must be =
provided to=20
reduce exposure to this irritant compound.</P><A name=3D4.1.3>
<H3>4.1.3 Mixers and applicators:</H3></A>
<P>When opening a container and when mixing, impermeable boots, clean =
overalls,=20
gloves and goggles should be worn. Mixing, if mechanical, should always =
be=20
carried out with a paddle of appropriate length. Do not mix, spray or =
store in=20
galvanized or unlined steel containers. When spraying tall crops =
additional=20
protective clothing should include a face mask and an impermeable hat. =
The=20
applicator should avoid working in spray mist and avoid contact with the =
mouth.=20
Splashes must be washed immediately from the skin, or eyes with large =
quantities=20
of water. Before eating, drinking, or smoking, the face, hands and =
exposed skin=20
should be thoroughly washed.</P><A name=3D4.1.4>
<H3>4.1.4 Other associated workers (including flagmen in aerial=20
operations):</H3></A>
<P>Persons exposed to the compound and associated with its application =
should=20
wear protective clothing and observe the precautions described above in =
4.1.3.=20
under "Mixers and Applicators".</P><A name=3D4.1.5>
<H3>4.1.5 Other populations likely to be affected:</H3></A>
<P>With good agricultural practice other persons should not be exposed =
to=20
hazardous amounts of glyphosate.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D4.2>
<H2>4.2 Entry Of Persons Into Treatment Area</H2></A></FONT>
<P>No re-entry guidelines established. Unprotected persons should be =
kept from=20
the area until the application has dried to minimize the risk of =
irritant=20
effects.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D4.3>
<H2>4.3 Decontamination Of Spillage And Containers</H2></A></FONT>
<P>Residues in containers should be emptied in a diluted form into a =
deep pit,=20
taking care to avoid contamination of ground waters. Decontamination of=20
containers may be carried out according to Section 3.4, but =
decontaminated=20
containers should not be used for transportation or storage of food and =
drink.=20
Spillage of liquid formulations should be contained by absorbent =
material. This=20
material should be burned or buried in a deep pit, taking care to avoid=20
contamination of water sources. The remaining residues should be removed =
from=20
the spillage site by washing with large quantities of water. Impermeable =
gloves=20
should be used for all operations.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A =
name=3D4.4>
<H2>4.4 Emergency Aid</H2></A></FONT><A name=3D4.4.1>
<H3>4.4.1 Early symptoms of poisoning:</H3></A>
<P>Vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea and flu-like symptoms may accompany =
exposure to=20
glyphosate. Reddening and irritation may accompany dermal or ocular=20
exposures.</P><A name=3D4.4.2>
<H3>4.4.2 Treatment before person is seen by physician, if symptoms =
appear=20
following exposure:</H3></A>
<P>The person should stop work immediately, remove contaminated =
clothing; wash=20
the affected skin areas with soap and water; and flush the skin or eyes =
with=20
large quantities of water. If swallowed, vomiting should be induced if =
the=20
person is fully conscious unless contraindicated by the solvent in the=20
formulation.</P><FONT color=3D#008000><A name=3D5.0>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>5.0 FOR MEDICAL AND LABORATORY =
PERSONNEL</H2></A></FONT><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D5.1>
<H2>5.1 Medical Diagnosis And Treatment In Cases Of =
Poisoning</H2></A></FONT><A=20
name=3D5.1.1>
<H3>5.1.1 General information:</H3></A>
<P>Glyphosate is an organophosphonate herbicide of low toxicity which =
does not=20
inhibit cholinesterase activity. It may be absorbed from the =
gastrointestinal=20
tract, skin or lungs. Glyphosate salts are irritant to the skin and =
eyes.</P><A=20
name=3D5.1.2>
<H3>5.1.2 Symptoms and signs:</H3></A>
<P>After ingestion, mild poisoning symptoms may include stomach cramps,=20
vomiting, nausea and diarrhoea, and mouth and throat pain. Moderate =
poisoning is=20
associated with gastrointestinal tract ulceration, hypotension, hepatic =
and=20
renal damage. Severe poisoning is characterized by respiratory and renal =

failure, seizures, coma and eventually death. Dermal and conjunctival =
irritation=20
may follow topical exposures.</P><A name=3D5.1.3>
<H3>5.1.3 Laboratory:</H3></A>
<P>Direct measurement of glyphosate in the blood or in the urine will =
confirm=20
exposure.</P><A name=3D5.1.4>
<H3>5.1.4 Treatment:</H3></A>
<P>Treatment is symptomatic. Rapid gastric lavage should be performed =
using 5%=20
sodium bicarbonate. Activated charcoal should be given to reduce =
absorption of=20
remaining residues.</P>
<P>Following skin contamination, the affected area should be washed with =
soap=20
and water. If the compound has entered the eyes they should be washed =
with=20
isotonic saline or sterile water.</P><A name=3D5.1.5>
<H3>5.1.5 Prognosis:</H3></A>
<P>The acute toxicity is low and the prognosis for a complete recovery =
is good=20
although cases of death have been reported after suicidal attempt. =
</P><A=20
name=3D5.1.6>
<H3>5.1.6 References to previously reported cases:</H3></A>
<P>Brief medical summaries of 100 incidents of glyphosate exposures in =
the U.S.=20
are published:</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D5.2>
<H2>5.2 Surveillance Tests</H2></A></FONT>
<P>There are no readily available field techniques to determine the =
degree of=20
exposure.</P><FONT color=3D#0000ff><A name=3D5.3>
<H2>5.3 Laboratory Methods</H2></A></FONT><A name=3D5.3.1>
<H3>5.3.1 Detection and Assay of Compound:</H3></A>
<P>AOAC Methods, 1990, 913.10</P>
<P>CIPAC Handbook, 1985, 1C, 2130</P>
<P>Pest. Anal. Manual, 1979, II.</P><A name=3D5.3.2>
<H3>5.3.2 Other Tests in Case of Poisoning:</H3></A>
<P>None.</P>
<P>Several methods for determination of glyphosate in different matrices =
(air,=20
plants, water, soil, urine, serum) have been described. These include=20
extraction, clean-up and derivatisation. Analysis is then carried out by =
TLC,=20
calorimetry, differential pulse polarography, GC, HPLC and=20
<SUP>31p</SUP>NMR.</P><FONT color=3D#008000>
<H2 align=3Dcenter>REFERENCES</H2></FONT>
<P>EPA (1980), Summary of Reported Pesticide Incidents Involving =
Glyphosate=20
(Isopropylamine salt). Pesticide Incident Monitoring System. Report No. =
373.=20
Office of Pesticide Programs. USEPA.</P>
<P>FAO/WHO (1987), Pesticide Residues in Food - 1986 Evaluations, Part =
II -=20
Toxicology, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 78/2, Rome, Food =
and=20
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</P>
<P>The Pesticide Manual, A World Compendium (10th edition 1994), Tomlin, =
C.,=20
ed., British Crop Protection Council, 20 Bridport Road, Thornton Heath, =
CR4 7QG,=20
U.K.</P>
<P>WHO (1994), Environmental Health Criteria No. 159, Glyphosate. =
UNEP/ILO/WHO,=20
Geneva, 177pp.</P>
<SCRIPT src=3D"http://www.inchem.org/scripts/google_analytics.js"=20
type=3Dtext/javascript></SCRIPT>
<PRE></PRE><PRE>    See Also:
       <A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/eintro/eintro/abreviat.htm">Toxic=
ological Abbreviations</A>
       <A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc159.htm">Glyphosate =
(EHC 159, 1994)</A>
       <A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0160.htm">Glyphosat=
e (ICSC)</A>
       <A =
href=3D"http://www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v86pr08.htm">Glyphos=
ate (Pesticide residues in food: 1986 evaluations Part II =
Toxicology)</A>
</PRE></BODY></HTML>

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